Research by Hilary Stone; HTML originally by Dale Brown. (See the original page here)
I have reformatted it a bit to be easier to find the year if you have the stamped letters.

Williams components are marked with a letter or two letters to indicate the season of manufacture. Until 1923 the season ran from 1st July to 30th June; thereafter it ran from 1st August to 31st July. This list is taken from what appears to be official Williams literature...

Hilary Stone

A 1912-13
B 1914
C 1915
D 1916
E 1917, probably 1918-19
F 1920
G 1921
H 1922
I 1923
J 1924
K 1925
L 1926
M 1927
N 1928
O 1929
P 1930
S 1931
T 1932
U 1933
W 1934
X 1935
Y 1936
Z 1937
AA 1938
AB 1939
AC 1940
AD 1941
AE 1942
AF 1943
AG 1944
AH 1945
AI 1946
AJ 1947
AK 1948
AL 1949
AM 1950
AN 1951
AP 1952
AS 1953
AT 1954
AU 1955
AW 1956
AX 1957
AY 1958
AZ 1959
ZA 1960
ZB 1961
ZC 1962
ZD 1963
ZE 1964
ZF 1965
ZG 1966
ZH 1967
ZI 1968
ZJ 1969
ZK 1970
ZL 1971
ZM 1972
ZN 1973
ZP 1974
ZS 1975
ZT 1976
ZU 1977
ZW 1978
ZX 1979
ZY 1980

There are exceptions. My AB-77 cranksets (I have two) are not marked with any such letter scheme.

-Mark Bulgier